反渗透膜技术的应用
Application of reverse osmosis membrane technology
1. 应用范围:
1. the scope of application:
太空水、纯净水、蒸馏水等制备； 酒类制造及降度用水； 医药、电子等行业用水的前期制备；化工工艺的浓缩、分离、提纯及配水制备； 锅炉补给水除盐软水； 海水、苦咸水淡化； 造纸、电镀、印染等行业用水及废水处理。
The preparation of space water, pure water, distilled water, distilled water and drinking water; early preparation of water use in pharmaceutical and electronic industries; concentration, separation, purification and water distribution of chemical processes; desalination and soft water of boiler recharge water; seawater and brackish water desalination; water and wastewater treatment in papermaking, electroplating, printing and dyeing industry.
以高分子分离膜为代表的膜分离技术作为一种新型、高效流体分离单元操作技术，30年来取得了令人瞩目的飞速发展，已广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。
Membrane separation technology, represented by polymer separation membrane as a new and efficient fluid separation unit operation technology, has made remarkable rapid development for 30 years, and has been widely used in various fields of national economy.
2.反渗透膜应用现状
Application status of 2. reverse osmosis membrane
在各种膜分离技术中，反渗透技术是近年来国内应用最成功、发展最快、普及最广的一种。估计自1995年以来，反渗透膜的使用量每年平均递增20％；据保守的统计，1999年工业反渗透膜元件的市场供应量为8英寸膜6000 支，4英寸膜26000支。2000年和2010年的市场更为强劲，膜用量一年比一年有较大幅度的提高。据估算，反渗透技术的应用已创造水处理行业全年 10亿人民币以上的产值。
In various membrane separation technologies, reverse osmosis technology is the most successful, fastest developed and widely used in China in recent years. Since 1995, the use of the reverse osmosis membrane has increased by an average of 20% every year. According to the conservative statistics, the market supply of industrial reverse osmosis membrane elements in 1999 is 8 "film 6000, 4" film 26000. The market was stronger in 2000 and 2010, and the membrane consumption increased considerably year by year. It is estimated that the application of reverse osmosis technology has created an annual output value of more than 1 billion RMB in the water treatment industry.
国内反渗透膜工业应用的最大领域仍为大型锅炉补给水、各种工业纯水，饮用水的市场规模次之，电子、半导体、制药、医疗、食品、饮料、酒类、化工、环保等行业的应用也形成了一定规模。
The largest application area of the domestic reverse osmosis membrane industry is the large boiler supply water and all kinds of industrial pure water. The market scale of drinking water is the second. The applications of electronic, semiconductor, pharmaceutical, medical, food, beverage, wine, chemical and environmental protection have also formed a certain scale.
3. 反渗透膜最新进展
The latest development of 3. reverse osmosis membrane
超低压膜 由于节省电耗和降低相关机械部件的压力等级引起材料费下降等优点，自1999年以来超低压膜的应用比重日益增大，这在以使用4英寸膜为主的小型装置中应用最为突出，大型装置中应用超低压膜也呈上升趋势，目前使用超低压膜的最大装置的产水量为650吨／小时。
Because of the advantages of saving electricity consumption and reducing the cost of material caused by the pressure grade of the related mechanical parts, the proportion of ultra low pressure film has been increasing since 1999. This is the most prominent application in small devices using 4 inch membrane. The application of ultra low pressure membrane in large equipment is also increasing. The maximum capacity of the super low pressure membrane is 650 tons / hour.
低污染膜 膜污染是反渗透应用中的最大危害。目前已有几种抗污染性能强、使用寿命长、清洗频度低且易清洗的低污染膜问世。
Low pollution membrane fouling is the greatest hazard in reverse osmosis applications. At present, there are several low pollution membranes with strong anti pollution performance, long service life, low cleaning frequency and easy cleaning.
带正电荷的反渗透膜现在广泛应用的低压、超低压复合膜的材质均为芳香族聚酸胺，其膜表面均带有负电荷，现已有膜厂家开发出表面带正电荷的低压复合膜，这种膜目前主要应用于制备高电阻率的高纯水系统中。日本日东电工公司生产的正电荷膜ES10C已在半导体行业的三级反渗透系统中实现10-15兆欧电阻率的高纯水；韩国现代电子公司的3个生产厂的合计最终产水800吨／小时的三级反渗透系统的产水电阻率为8-9兆欧；上海某半导体厂的170吨／小时的三级反渗透系统也达到上述指标。另外，在国内几个制药厂的5-20吨/小时规模的两级反渗透系统中也实现了反渗透产水电阻率为1.7-3兆欧。
The material of low pressure and ultra-low pressure composite membranes with positive charge is now widely used as aromatic polyamines with aromatic polyamines with negative charge on the surface of the membrane. Now the membrane manufacturers have developed a low pressure composite membrane with positive charge on the surface, which is mainly used in the high purity water system with high resistance. The positive charge membrane (ES10C) produced by Japan Japanese Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd. has achieved high pure water of 10-15 Mega resistivity in the three level reverse osmosis system of the semiconductor industry. The water resistance rate of the total water production of the total water production of the 3 production plants of Korea modern electronics company 800 tons / hour three reverse osmosis system is 8-9 mega, and 170 in a semiconductor factory in Shanghai. The three level reverse osmosis system is also up to the above indicators. In addition, the resistivity of reverse osmosis production in the two ton reverse osmosis system of 5-20 tons / hour in several pharmaceutical factories in China is 1.7-3 MEG.
耐高温、食品级、卫生级反渗透膜 普通水处理用反渗透膜的使用温度均为0-45摄氏度，但在需要耐90摄氏度高温杀菌的特殊场合，可使用耐高温、耐化学药品的反渗透膜。此外，各种有特殊膜元件结构的食品级或卫生级的反渗透膜也开始在国内应用。
The temperature of the reverse osmosis membrane used in high temperature, food and sanitary reverse osmosis membrane is 0-45 degrees Celsius, but the anti osmosis membrane with high temperature resistance and chemical resistance can be used in special occasions which need 90 degrees Celsius high temperature sterilization. In addition, various types of food grade or sanitary grade reverse osmosis membranes with special membrane components have also been applied in China.
海水淡化膜应用现状及最新进展
Application status and latest progress of seawater desalination membrane
国外已有日产水量10万吨级的反渗透海水淡化装置，目前正在运行的大型卷式膜海水淡化装置的单机能力为日产水量6000吨。国内目前已建和在建的反渗透海水淡化装置日产水量350-1000吨，国外单段反渗透海水淡化的水利用率最高达45％，国内目前多为35％，另外国内渔船上装载的反渗透海水淡化膜多用直径为2.5英寸的小型膜元件。目前国内批量生产海水淡化装置的公司不超过10家，在河北建设的日产水量18000吨的"亚海水"脱盐装置是国内最大的使用海水淡化膜的反渗透装置。今后国内海水淡化膜的应用将进入一个新时期，不久的将来，我国也会建设日产水万吨级的海水淡化装置。此外国内已开始商业生产海水淡化反渗透膜元件。
There is a 100 thousand ton reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant in foreign countries. The capacity of the large volume film desalination device is 6000 tons per day at present. At present, the water production of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination device is 350-1000 tons in China. The water utilization rate of the single section reverse osmosis seawater desalination is up to 45%, and the domestic currently is 35%. In addition, the reverse osmosis seawater desalination membrane loaded on the domestic fishing boats is a small membrane element with a diameter of 2.5 inches. At present, there are no more than 10 companies in the production of seawater desalination plants in China, and the "sub sea water" desalting device with 18000 tons of water production in Hebei is the largest reverse osmosis device used in the domestic desalination membrane. In the future, the application of seawater desalination membrane will enter a new era. In the near future, China will also build a ten thousand ton seawater desalination plant with daily output. In addition, commercial reverse osmosis membrane components have been commercially produced in China.